Socialist Press no. 183

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Page 2

-INTERNATIONAL-

IS ITALY MOVING

CLOSER TO

ICELAND?

The question may sound time wonder whether they can as improbable politically as when the previous tormula it is geographically. in which the CP was part of the But Reykjavik parlamentary majority but not was lo and the apparently not to part of the government, broke down nearly a year ago, Italy поге or Madrid that Italian politicians was forced into an early general were looking last week. was no terion Testi Whạt more conclusive than the later nadente ince ane was that the equivalent one in Iceland. Enrico Berlinguer (General "Opposition" Italiar LTIt Com munist Party) was asked to form a government. The Communists Tanan The Icelandic Berlinguer insisted that they would stay in Svavar "opposition" until estssona leace. they Alliance (the title reobles Cove net chosen by the Icelandic 'Euro- ine socialists who heo the parliamentary te courecoisie). the stigma that would Wall was asked by the President to Christian atlaca keeoina form a government. Democrat government in office; after neither did same time CaTi cante tne failure of the leaders of the right they the CP dare evel wing Agrarian and Conservative mention the possibility Parties joint

SP-CP

following Iceland's possibility which would in their parlamentary elections at the Herence Tne beginnine of December demands of the Italian working class for a resolution •its Desperation wasellan problems, As long as all these positions Gestsson's from difference are held to rigidly by the major Berlinguer is that his partv is solutar dones coeres no torm continuing to iceland s government which can membership of NATO and command parliamentary the presence of American bases majority in staly in tre counary: His appointment as Premier- the government's can designate therefore (it is by conundrum in Italy is to. have cer tort •Eta no covernment atar form government) able to Even in Italy this is consti- the shows desperation tutionally not allowed; and so last Тле bouroeo se come vo search for a stable form of rule.

with the closest Though the Peoples' Alliance possible thing having lias betil Part .coautor they coverament 'appointed Francesco Cossiga as the ruling has Prime Minister forced Contendle "Caretaker"" Its ettorts to resolve the conse.

quences of the capitalist crisis.

Cossiga's government has Italy, central Lou. political issue remains Ene taker regime*; and was which the Stalinists ехтепт. selected for the highest office in of the. Italian Communist Party ine was doll ve o de de colicar the most colourless and inoffen- in order to resolve the •oWer sive the leadership of person in country's semi-permanent • Democratic Party political crisis. te ristian fand he also Enrico Berlinguer's cousin). Early election •UL government could be no long The Stalinists solution, es en the ot the CP themselves demand play endous conflicting al basur te full Tore Codilion covern- class interesi •emane political expression. ment witn Ine Corstian emo- cran Democra de notares week saw 24 hour Democrats general do not dare to them al. ue some •erence the limited. silding Italian wor narch scale of wages which protects ther against tne entect of rising prices is in the Socialist Party that these pressures have now again through broken Tne surface. Last week the Socialist Party, •after and bitter long took debate, ine new position that the CP. ought included multi-party government, and inat TIne would support Christian Democrat minoriti government in parliament, even tacithis line, which was a rebuff for-partv leader Bettino Craxi's plan to be Prime Minister in a Christiar coalition, pushes edge of a new. acute political The British Communist Party Marxism journal Today carries in its January issue the a warning on dangers of fascism Turkey. the same time al displays the politics of class collaboration that can only help takeover. The article looks at two alternatives for Turkey. follow the one is to present economic course of res- fiscal trictive munelari policies which are causing unem- ployment and declining. living standards. Capitalist roads But the alternative accord- ing to the CP. is export divers This cannot now work licanon. le credio competion from SP credit competition from growing protee •aIe markets these covitalist-roads: the CP

COLA

examines no socialist solution the crisis Indeed the second pul lorward vividly exposes impact the the British Communist Party's policy controls-which exports unem- Poyo countries itain precise llke Turkey Within turker article admits, the working class continues, in the face of mount- ing attacks, to organise strong! 40% of the industrial workforce are now in left wing trade union confederation DISK. "Sectarianism" But alongside this there is "a rising tide of neo-fascism". The najor problem, according to th is that the Turkish left hi weakened severely has been "divided over whether not Ecevit". support crisis and possibly to furthe parlamentary elections. This decision of the new • Socialist Party negotiating tactic of the leaders since it was voted by a party Contess It probably, therefore, spells the end of even the temporary expedient ot a Cossiga govern- ment The bourgeoisie must decide again: are willing for all political wounds to opened in a new general election campaign to produce result just as indecisive as the Safe bet Or are they willing to take a step on the road Iceland by askine bermewer zo occome nor Prime Minister. but at least senior of the Cabinet? member that, It is a sate bet , Wilat- ever is decidea, growing section.

of the bourgeoisie in Italy-and .E. Iceland and points to ask themselves a little more what can replace parlamentary democracy? Turkey: break from Ecevit! The main problem, .on the geois politician who introduced martial law restrictions in avage Turkish most cities , and drove Turkish left (including the CP) underground, has been con sistently supported the Turkish Communist Party! itish clanly worries the British is that . more and left mole Turkish CP: member 41101 Britain-are recognising the to break from Ecevit necessity and to fight instead for a work ing class united front tal inst ascism, comprising workers' parties and trade union bodie crucial role of such a SOCIALIST PRESS, Wednesday 23 January 1980, Gandhi Indian Stalinists attack Gandhi "Democracy is not safe Mrs Gandhi to in Mrs Gandhi's hands, as ployment, poverty and inflation -problems for was she has taken her party's she largelv victory as a vindication of previous eleven years her emergency rule" premier. spoke Rajeswara Ras, tactfully avoided men- General Secretary of the Com- tioning that the

CPI

the. Tact munist Party of India (CPI) las upporter Gandhi during that he "With all the ex-maharajas, "Emergency industrialists blackmarketeers •Powers". on June and landlords elected under her 27 1975 (which included deten- • tion the It ls loousa lo expeci many politica banning parties-though not the CPI; anc

CPI

oi strikes the enthusiastically welcomed the move, de parimpre blow has been struck against counter-revolution The of main edge the Ineo colomalis Gandhi hadn't *taker emergency would have been into anothe Chile" This was the position upheld by the CPI during the whole o1 "Emergency right u0 and including tu moment Gandhi was thrown This is the main reason why in the latest elections the CPI only won ten seats; its organis- ation has been decimated by its •years of servility to Gandhi.

Postured Why did the

•CPI

give this cringing support to the Indian dictator? Because she postured "anti-imperialist" and an relations with the Soviet Union But of course this stance was simply capitalist of politician balancing between th Soviet Union and the imperiali very nature cuecency bowes ex boscu EIt anti-working class content of her son toda today as Gandhi lurches from side to side over the Soviet invasion of Afghanis Russia the supportin invasion; welcoming Carrington and opposing : "outside interven- only to declare that the Afghan council "invited Russia she is merely jockeying for position, in an attempi to secure Ine desi deal for the crisis-ridden Indian Ecevit economy united front And in addition Gandhi is establish armed workers defence keen to prevent an imperialist to combat daily squads cam paign tr the Zia dicta- violence and intimidation aimed torship in Pakistan movement bi Switch of policy government and the estabish But the scale of the election ment of a workers and peasants victory Gandhi the government in Turkey scope to drop the cosmetic anti- British Communist Party imperialist and left thetoric demand that men Dere their leaders sto covering up camel yeais, ala lo brusi astut for the Turkish CP's support fo the bootlicking CPI leaders This is no doubt the explan- Ecevit. If was a similar-alliance witl ation for the switch in Stalinist "democratic" Meanwhile in Kerala, so-called bour geois parties that led to crushing defeats in in the 1930. aut cortaus "Democratic Alliance" to fight and in Chile in 1973 the state government elections.

Afghan invasion splits Communist Parties ...and Trotskyist forces SOCIALIST PRESS, Wednesday 23 January 1980 The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan has acted as a tremor which has widened some of the fissures and chasms which exist between Stalinist states and parties- produced a few and which cracks were not visible before. The predictable most reaction oi all came from the Beijing, (Peking) Stalinists who the Soviet maintain invasion proves their view of the expansionist. aggressive and "imperialist" aims of the USSR.

ine Cninese bureaucracy ha: appealed to the "Community of nations" against Soviet aggression in fact become the pretext for a shift significant the relations in between tit are mools The United States has moved rapidly only end not SuDULICS LU anti-communist govern- The ments of Turkey but it has also for the fist me begun openly Sully of military technology to Senior officials of the Carter administration have stepped up talk of "strategic conver- gence between

• USA.

From their different stand- and Yugoslavia points Albania The British International Marxist responded group swiftly the Afghan invasion in an article by editor Tariq Ali on the back page of Socialist Challenge No. 128: but the line of this immediate response was to be abruptly and shame- facedly switched in an editorial article in Socialist Challenge No. 130! article caree

TOM

immediate withdrawal of the Soviet troops ne decion or the covie Union to send troops to remove Hafizutah Amin, General Secre Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), replace him with Babrak Karmal, and occupy parts of the country must be condemned on every count. (. ..) Afghanistan not Eastern Europe. intervention will enable the right wing rebels to win more Interes late storm the fraise for will the become conwar where rian conners (carefully chosen from Central Asia) can be killed by proxy. '...Genuine revolutions Any accer with o su support.

SUS ILLEG

of Afghanistan can end only in disaster. Either the Russians will To witnaraw er any ever and accept a government of a complexion, or they will get bogged down in a long war. nere с по тамо ooon. That is why we have no hesi- tation in calling for immed- troops. Far from aiding the struggle against pro-imperialist forces in Afghanistan, they oniy nmder it. (... / The "troops out" call was repeated in unsigned article have both, equally predictably, sharply condemned the inter- vention What was less predictable the were

TANUTES

appeared in the Soviet domin- ated Warsaw Pact itself Romanian Stalinist Cictator deancescu an only slightly veiled attack the Soviet interven- ition not in relation to national self-determination or any other principled question vul latel from a pacifist opposition to the ain the warde the denunci- ation of author decares. "Soviet troops should be immediately withdrawn from Allarn. the US withdraws from the 64 countries throughout the world wuBre perhaps then the danger reced war will really begin to but desoite inese unamoo.

vous statements there was no attempt to answer for or with. araw Then winen Chailenge No. 130 implemented its switch of policy: "If the Soviet rulers repres- ented the the

TITLETOSS

workers of the Wort which they do not) they would have opposed these methods of Amin av am in• the ceve ooment or an opposition in Afghanistan which based itself on the masses. Such Nave strongly reforms that were initiated by the Taraki anime in 1978 extendi settlement of conflicts by force.

Less True to lomm were lne significant lack of enthusiasm of the statements in support of the Stalinist • bureaucracies Hungary and (as Crotale enthusiasm from East Berlin, Sofia and Prague). both the lukewarm cases caracer to the pressure which the Polish and Hungarian bureaucracies are under tone workus cass which instinctively will equate Soviet missiles in Kabul Imperialist backed Afghan rebels the overthrow of capitalism in Afghanistan, The opposite policy was chosen. The invasion did not aid the revolu tionary process in the country.

Socialists cannot welcome it the however •ver tact o the invasion has changed the political conditions the probably County popularity of the counter-revolution, created the conditions massively through a politically and mater- ially strengthened General Zia. The of a full-scale possibility civil war has now opened up. Socialists will be forced 40 say a military conflict. "We dissociate ourselves from and reactionary motivation behind the Soviet invasion, but Immerate withe rawal being in favour of the victory Page 3 public statement opposing th invasion. And some CP members the National Executive of on Stalinist-dominated trade the union eceration

LUSI

abstained against the party line CP vote motion support : 30 Tenore Even the most "Eurocom munist" the Spanish party, condemned the the of the USSR Any serious economic sanc- intervention Soviet move the rolling of tions against the USSR and its but concen- Kabul with trated attention on denouncing would immed- soviet tanks over workers ligals in Eastern Europe iately damage Poland's chances have the moral authority But is another reason of getting the needed loans.

condemn the invasion. for this reserve An aT me corone mild anti-imperial- Poland and Hungary even thi a te than the other Eastern farther ism is somerning look distinctly more for a party which not so long bureaucracies along serious than. the USSK justifying US military was Tine expected, the reserve : of some which takes the form of closer bases in Spair Warsaw Pact with the imperial- It is part of a more involvement • gone the long "left tur " being carried out by run be Catast scurviv the Spanish CP in the last few

TACT

In those two countries ‹ more economic sanctions and so form than most others of the Warsaw months. through which the gateway Pact)R capitalists have

USSR

the goods and Former allies "jotht venture" technology it needs. liaison with the Stalinist states.

Tremors sometimes shake in Poland in particular things , back to a poston thei The positions

BOTT

problem. Thi there were in at an earlier time.

. And French and Spanish Stalinists Polish state is in deep and grow- this seems have them off rather Sharpi ing debt to capitalist banks.

happened with the rench Com from their erstwhile allies munist Party. Rome. The Afghanistan occupation Borrowing Italian CP (like the wide has, fact evinced brush) producea an instant anc Borrowing scale range of reactions among total denunciation of the Soviet has been whe only way in which a vast "Eurocommunist" parties. which indis intervention was The French CP began by tiguistable able to manage hold the almost depicting the invasion as of the Christian Democratic precariously a libel made up by the bourgeois economy press. But as Moscow itself con- governe ita The Italian CP was clearly

LE DOSI

HUle 'Stalinists all, the French tions in workers' consumption. embarassed by • The recent: u This it does not dare from George Marchais of the nave taken an increasingy pro Moscow line, supporting virtual- Thrench Cr because ot the certain policy. of the Polish working class.

of thi There was none of the usual vaLy with ceremony of such visits and the economy in a Inere is widespread discus sion in France of a possible end the than 'Eurocommun- the party's Polish bureaucracy predic formal one which spoke of ism". ted to be hoping to borrow a vehement "frank" discussions and made "Eurocommunists" of the party further tive bilion pounds Iron not a mention of Aighanistan are visibly disturbed. capitatist banks this year just to signed a make ends meet. reversal of any gains the Spartacists' smokescreen of Afghan workers and peasants in rettors utra eTtism name -caiting the last decades. They follow the American SWP "Imperialism in giving support for enemy. tre invasion The IMG's political allies in

"HAIL

THE RED

DEFEND

THE

SOVIET

the american socialist workers Party, however, UNION! The effective deploy- about their ment of thousands troops in Afghanistan is one Moviet Invasion, uncritically support it. stinging humiliation for WOrE seizure of nower merlein Sinters Uncritical Middle East The imperialist with • responded Weard • call paign Such a policy marks a eumony Muslim freedom fighters' who took on sophisticated tanks and adaptation to Stalinism, which has until now Hane, win nicks. tones and chants of 'Allah Akbar". (god is TaKen military praise for the so-called "revolu But in tionary" Castro controntation pitting the soviet troop backing the nationalist Cuba, and outright support PDPA regime in Kabul against vietnames invasion of Kampuchea an ebudd Now this aided by imperialism, side with the Russian tanks has been extenacu Hail the Red Army!" Kremiin teacers taemse ves. wint credited by the SWP with the historic mission of further- insurgency and further weaker Meanwhile a more cautious ing revolutionary has been adopted by approach internationally. •Workers Action article by leading SWP Not new article in Workers Action 163 Ernest Harsch writer •EnE by John O'Mahony the asks

USFI

Intercontinental Press/Inprecor declares: Lantaisine cueston This tendency to enthusias "What should our attitude the Soviet "Inis move by tic and the in utterly be events rulers came in reaction to acantation to tre counter-revol.

Afghanistan?" increasing military activity over utionary Stalinist bureaucracy is Unfortunately, in then pro- The past vear ov rontat cuerrie not a new phenomenon in the ceding to examine "the politica forces determined to roll back Dostwar i rotskvist movement.

the land reform and other social struggles and interactions that First openly argued been initiated leo up to the russian occue. position by the leader of the tiọn". O Mahony runs out following the April 1978 revol- Michel Fourth International space before answers the Afghanistan. From the he Pablo from this counter-revolution question -leaving readers with a major split in the world move- frustrating "To be continued" been ment in 1953, and has brought where they might have expected and equipped with the backing further splits and

. COUSIO

of Washington and the since thattime. •the irony So we will all just have to sit that in 1953 it was the SWP that milttary of on edges our seats Pakistan the led the split from Pablo and the major Soviet and fight against his politics.

an extra week to thrash out a One grouping that unan orangue to now line for the second instalment!

rightist bands is an aid to the claims stand in opposition oppressod in their batties against sectarian International Spartacist Afghanistan, but neighbouring Iran and through But the Afghan invasion has the and the exposed the essentially oppor-

Will Labour's left' hold out against Prepare for action to defy Page 4 The line-up for against a witch-hunt in the will Party Labour revealed more clearly than Wednes- ever this coming day. While the right wing, aided and abetted by press stories of HOLSK VISI laKeover.

W IJ

no doubt be on the olensive. willingness of the Tribunite left' to stand in defence of the democratic ranes or socialso lo views argue their the within Party will be put to the test. The meeting will be lobbied demanding the delegation from Oxford reinstatement of expelled delegate to the Oxford funwill GMC and a long-time Labour •rally memoer. Not denied Heslin was expelled last year for suDoorme me bonces Socialist Press. denied this never with the full Chare. Insicau. backing or ns union branch and campaign in Oxford, for the right to fought he has argue ms positon in the Labou Party and fight the anti- to class politics of the this basis he has taken the Party's through the vast But appeals proceaute. inquiry by Party recommended vulcaulidts lids And two weeks ago a meet- Unless firm action fought for within the labour movement, February 1980 could mark a major the struggle reverse against women's oppression.

that day the anti-abor- On John tion bill tabled by lory Corrie is due tor is nire and final reading dis the Cance st odds-on chance

WILT

beino suostantav corred ov dr alliance Tory and. right wing Labour votes. The bot dole two-thirds • Ine abortions carried out in the 12 years since lue present Mut voltle force Into

WOULD

nave been and charities and clinics provide abortion tacilities which the Nre reuses provide would be forced out on overcon The consequence wowo de the opportunity that abortion would be salt, drasticall reouced Thousanos of women each year would con- of problem тасе wanted drency. Hazards They would then have choose between the navine an unwanic cane or ine hazards suffering illegal abortion. Prior to the 1967 Act, over women eacn wear were outcome of illegal abortions he hospital Abortion Act had made the felt, this figure was themselves Spain, where abortion is witch-hunters? Benn Bevan ing of the NEC's organisatior

BUT TWO

Trade mone decided, on a split gates reputed to be left wingers 7-5 recommend that Kitson

(TGWU)

and -Alex (ASIMS) -voted ine

TOO.

Doug nove seal of approval on the expul- with the hounding out all lily Opposition ranks let the full NEC contain The opposition to this was led by • Tory Benn, and backed substantial number 01. 16162 by four who have not yet had to take a present, position. The vote could still go LPYS delegate Tony Saunois. Corrie's law.

ABORTION

KEEPIT

LEGAL

illegal, 3,000 women a year are the elementary right to control Britain in the workings of her own body. Without this right there is no 1976 the figure was only 7 blank achievina Corries BIll women cheque the most barbaric suffering for the death of shedding and bonds that tie them to domestic nunreas or woren i te years to come. labour in the home, and prevent them from playing their full role with the cuts Coupled in the labour movement. already savaging the Health Service the Right wing. threatens above all working class women. wino expensive private abortions that coincidence that i1 the is Tory politicians like Corrie of law- -have wingers-each and Labour right geois women. •electe• to vorcine wome our of the force and And with method nack contraception being 100% safe the confines of the home have the possibility abortion and domestic labour-that essential allow any woman taken the lead in attempting to SOCIALIST PRESS, Wednesday 23 January 1980

LABOUR

By John Lister

PARTY

and answered by political argu- organisa- rather than by Bona measures. There ne wan En proble the my what threatens to become a growing list of expulsions. PHOTO: Andrew Wiard. Report Harmless And quite obviously none of Labour's left' want to see the all-out war Wit nit which would be unleashed by the which ha ally Multant group. as over the years proved itself harmless useful the right wing спеетежет . IOt ine of attracting and suppor drawing votes and from lavers of youth who woulc otherwise be reactionary politics of the Labour leadership. Youth officer and Militan supporter Andy Bevan, for nefiel With instance the press in lul cry horrified over the supposed "takeover" of political broadcast the party by "Trotskyists" this weeks ivews of me worta pressure is plainly repeatedly urged Callaghan however, the on the NEC lefts to make some to give the LPYS a tree hand sc gestures towards bourgeois res- that they can go out and get the youth vote for Labour pectability by sacrificing one or opponents As the richt wing assess ther TENe Callaghan-Healey leadership options for embarking on a full witch-hunt, time with scale Dul d Benn within the Labour Party lilles - such as Heffer that recognise the necessity to mobil- arguing Trotskyists should ise in the fight for the removal be opposed All out Feb 5 cerned, who must decide how best her own problems and circumstances why I his is Ine abortion is a basic, , democratic defended right that be TinE • movement struggle against the Tory govern- ficure ne orde bit seems set to become law. But history shows that democratic rights have omy been won in struggle laws: ground reactionary mobilise prepared to

HIUS

Ine about movement to oopose and resist the new restrictions.

This means fighting in trade unions and Labour Parties to Build maxımum • eleca tions for the mass lobby Parliament February the fight strike action 2) Call on the Labour Party "free to entorce its policy ot abortion on request" by a three line whip on imposing Labour MPs to vote against the Demonstrators on October 28 Corrie Bill and b) pledging the next Labour government to the restrict doortion rents anti- They are of . course eagerly repeal 0' wheelalt backed by the and up abortion leashton 3) Call on trade unions apparatus of the religious bigots ensure that sponsored MPs vote believes it is fine to kill women accordance in back-street abortions, and to rarty and lut policy Call torce unwanted children into a executives, particularly ASMTS ltetime or misery, but unthink.

able to carry out a simple, safe action in the event of any and free abortion strike for being prosecuted Not even ine most vicorous campaigner for the right to free continuing to on demand wishes to in defiance of the law. unionists 5) Support trade orooose inar avomon pe mace compulsory-simply who • ThaT TH action including for those women who action or available in defence of abortion or other choose not to have a child The only issue "con. service cuties science" at stake, therefore, ened by the government's public facing the women con- spending cuts. of the right wing leadership, and defend limited demo cratic rights that presently exist within the Party itself consistent. socialist inter nationalist perspective must be fought for as the only alterna- continuation ability on their and willingness to wage such a fight lefts' and in practice that the e such the Militant musi In the course such increasing numbers of useles. and 900l1 aCTIVISTS recognise the alternative leadership direct socialist their fight. Gold and the pound in your pocket price of gold has The continued its giddying climb during the last week, peak- $838 ing out at a colossal per ounce are the implica- tions of this for the vast mass of Is who neuter own nor exac to own substantial quantities of gold? Why should take any mibrest: Same content The fact is that the soaring money price of gold is not so indication of increased value of gold itself- contains essentially WICE SUt the same content of necessary time for its production labou as it did six months ago, betore the latest runaway price increase. " Rather it is a stark retlec tion of falling confidence in the value of paper currencies inter- fidence of important sections of capitalists in the continued stab.

It o we satell invested in aold mai Money provide a short term speculative profit: but in the longer term it with vields neither interest (a bank deposits) nor profit from the exploitation of the working Asset stripping For substantial amounts of capital to be channelled in that of further cutbacks to come in investment, more asset-stripping operations are ore cusurco u industry. And the falling value relatior currency already be felt in cola can also relation to the rising price oth other metals and of courie, other crude oil. Wallets As the gold dealers celebrate and ook tonyaro to The soul!

workers will look to the value of the pounds shrinking Every golden wallets lining has its cloud!

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MAKERS OF MODER

1. Antonio Gramsci Page 6 In the wake of the imperialist world first war, a wave of revolu- rolled tionary deleats across Europe. around 1920 The years see the crushing of were to the Berlin uprising and of the Vienna general strike, the over- throw of workers' soviets in Munich and Budapest, and the failure of mass factory throughout occupations Italy. Prominence was: in this latter that Antonio struggle Gramsci, son of a Sardinian civil servant, and Italy's without greatest Marxist revolution- ary, came to political prom- inence. As a left-wing member of Party the Italian Socialist (PSI), Gramsci had captured control of its journal 1919, LOrdine Nuovo 1n and through its pages urged the formation of democratic factory councils in Turin SiX witnin 150,000 Turinese workers were organised councils, whose Gramsci saw preparing the working class for revolu- tionary insurrection. In 1940, a lockout al Alfa Romeo plant in the Milan triggered an occupa- which spread to most of Italian heavy industry.

Factory comes throughout Italy controlled organised production and Red Guards; armed workers The destruction of the offices of the SP paper 'Avanti' 'exceptional measures' ing From the 1920s to the present day, major con- that assassination an tributions to Marxist theory have been made by attempt on Mussolin thinkers indifferent or implacably opposed to the the allowed he was arrested revolutionary heritage of Trotskyism.

concoct, sentenced twenty George Lukacs Louis Althusser, did From to years imprisonment Antonio Gramsci to Jean-Paul Sartre, Karl Korsch 1928 to his death From to Herbert Marcuse, a powerful body of Western in 1937 crippled by ill- Gramsci Marxist' theory has been developed, which has yet in health, prison the masterpiece of to receive full critical assessment by Trotskyists has Marxist theory which themselves. become known as the Prison How are the Stalinist or revisionist politics of Notebooks-33 laboriously these writers to be weighed against their theoretical hand-written manuscripts, contributions to Marxist theory?

composed cryptically to evade fascist censorship and Terry Eagleton examines the work In this series, out of prison by smuggled of the theorists named above, as an introduction to his friends. a full evaluation of their work.

The Marxism of the early Gramsci was partly formed by, partly a reaction to, the 'Hegelian' Marxism of the heavily the Turin clashed with Italian Communist Party of the Italian philosophers security forces. Giovanni Antonio Labriola

(PCI),

dominated by with the Gentile (later to become a ultra-leftist sectarian of revolutionary Bordiga. fascist ideologue) and the the supine PSI pre- power, Bordiga's Theses of idealist art-critic Bernadetto dictably sold the pass to the Rome' (1922) dogmatically Croce, whose 'Marxist' alleg- bourgeois government, iance lasted all of five years.

rejected alliances Will! abandoning the proletariat other Italian parties of its supreme point Activism Gram sci also argued until struggle and inflicting upon united front it a catastrophic defeat.

From their Hegelian policies emphasis upon we action" 1922 the fascists 'con- . In Defeat rounding up sciousness' and seized power,

PCI

Gramsci degenerate in the the combination leaders; (later to was

1IIOOL

hands of Gentile into escaped arrest only because the that shattering fascist cult of pure mindless he was in Moscow an with the haunting spectre of of the Gramsci learned militancy class executive

MCH DOI

Third International. the positivism oppose to lead itallan A fierce fight within the and of the directly the determinism history

GOWN

"orthodoxy Gramsci's " of the Second

PCI

resulted in road of fascism. Urged by Lenin to clear the imprisoned International, insisting upon as party leader; and theory and the unity of the

PSI

of reformists,

BOTATOR

and in 1924 he elected a practice and the active, his comrades Gram sci role of the member of the Chamber of L'Ordine Nuovo interventionist around proletariat in the creation of 1921 a party Deputies. Convence! congress which was to result Two years later, follow- history. He welcomed the Bolshevik revolution revolution against Capital' (the book, notice, not the system)-as a vindication of conscious political struggle against what he mistook as the and inevit- positivism ablism of Marx's text of this idealism races in the mature SUIVIVe it could be Gramsci: claimed that the malerial 'ist' is subordinated to the 'historical' in his work, that scientific status of the Marxism plays second fiddle historical to the concrete consciousness of the revolu- tionary working class. World view In this, Gramsci is some- times open to the charge of since become known as 'historicism': the notion that a theory is valid not to the extent to which it can secure objective scien- tific knowledge of reality, but to the extent to which activel caborale class's self-consciousness, which Gramsci calls a class 's 'world view', is, as we shall see later, related central concept hegemony. However, the accusation factory that Gramsci's councils' programme resul ted from voluntarism (excessive reliance the subjective will) or spontan- groundless: eism is surely organisation is precisely at SOCIALIST PRESS, Wednesday 23 January 1980 its heart What is that true Gramsci, at this early testing point, lacked any developed theory of political leader- of the and the role ship revolutionary party. Abstentionist The hostility of Bordiga and his group to the Turin 'economis experiments tic' was based upon a rigidly abstentionist attitude fu mass struggle; but Gramsci himself was later to identify syndicalist elements in the and turned in th project, the notebooksto prison vital missing factor-the revolutionary party Previously he had subor- dinated the party to the role of a kind of secondary agent political which cleared obstacles from the path of the council's autonomous for self-development; the rest of his life, he was to explore TAe necessart) dialectical relation between and class, party ar of development Leninism. It was, however, a devel- opment of Leninism, not a mechanical repetition. One of crucial the most questions posed prison notebooks is: How is proletarian insurrection be victorious in societies of a kind significantly different from Tsarist Russia? In Russia, revolutionaries confronted with were starkly autocratic state: ir Western societies, they had not simply a to repressive state, but a dense complex fabric of political ideological and cultural institutions which went to what Gramsci termed 'civil society': trade union, school, family, polit- ical party, media, sexuality, religion, law, and so on.

"In 'West" the wrote State Gramsci, "the merely a frontal trench, an advanced line of defence, it there is behind and of powerful fortress concrete pillboxes." 'fortress' was precisely the thick network practices and

NADIES.

institutions which served to reproduce Iuit not only by coercion but by consent-and it was to this of rule that Gramsci torm gave the name of hegemony.

of the His formulation fact concept is not, in always consistent: some. times hegemonv means ruie by consent' and belongs to civil society (whereas the IO state), sometimes hegemony means a fusion of consent and coercion. State apparatus In arguing that, in the West, the preponderance of state 'civil society over meant a preponderance of over coercion, consent Gramsci for one thing over- the vital fact that looked one of the prime means of securing the consent of the masses to bourgeois rule is,

RN MARXISM

¿cisely the state appara- itself-the parliamentary which breeds in

LCHI

the delusion of self- im Moreover, •Gramsci's concern with the chanisms of in adern class-society times to play down the reality of ss-a repressiveness which, en the advanced technol- of such societies, 1S 1n that of superior Irism. limitations, Despite its amsci's concept of hege- any is a richly productive War of position It suggests that, prior to hat Gramsci called a 'war manoeuvre' (i.e. a direct the state lault the proletariat ast conduct ar of position'-an under- ning of bourgeois hege- ony in every area of 'civi ciety'. commonly ferpreted as a call for the class to perform Arking (im possible) of leat culturally hegt- coming onic before it has actually zed political power; but e famous passage in which of the need dIsci speaks the proletariat hegemony before con- fering state power in fact Fers, in orthodox Leninist thion, ter other SOCIALIST PRESS, Wednesday 23 January 1980 with and 'civil task of conquering political society, wite with questions of must develop Do original conception of hegemony and the role of - own the world, fighting for 'new . the intellectuals, he carried that work into new fields lorms or art, or pilosopuy language and re-wrote the history of of of customs, from a working-class appropriate to a revolution- standpoint culture. di y There are problems with His political failures were together with Gramsci's formulations. serious: almost the whole leadership dominant revolu- of the PCI throughout the "world view' is not, tionary early 1920s he stubbornly in fact, as homogeneous as rejected the united front in he suggests, nor does it arise thus facilitating the directly from the experience Italy, of a social class. rise of fascism until 1924 did he Not Bourgeois society break with the Bordiga line on this issue, by which time Bourgeois ideology is not it was too late: fascism had and the Comintern the "ideology ot the bour- arrived, geoisie', but of bourgeois was now rapidly abandoning united front tactics itself.

society: incorporates crucial aspects of the ways his long Only during various social classes under period of imprisonment did their Gramsci back capitalism out theoretically to the question Equally, revolutionary of united front resistance to even though he had fascism, world view • more inan of the always rejected the PCI line the consciousness fascism working class: integrates that and

COCHA

and perceptions were mere

LIC

practices of other exploited "twins" between whom well as elements nothing to cases. was have no immediate choose. class-assignation. Gramsci's idea of Opposed But his hegemony shows the field of adopted by for That line, Culin "Third culture and 'civil society' as Stalinism during the Period, fiercely richly was throughout the opposed by Gramsci from apparent the seclusion of his prison prison notebooks. There, triumph of Italian his position on the in a situation was now effective- concretely applied Marxist of considers the identical with that theory. specific history of bourgeois Trotsky: Itav the wav in woen the In 1926, Gramsci had Southern peasantry are expressed ere support the welded to the landlord class leadership by the mediation of Stalin-Bukharin majority in stratum 'rural the Russian party, and sub-

HE LOCC

tuals; the lack of a 'national- scribed to the view that the popular' consciousness Joint Opposition was guilty the intellectuals, among of endangering the workers- their consequent on peasants alliance by faction- traditions, cosmopolitan al activity. which divorced them from At the same time he had the masses; the central reac- Gramsci tionary role of the Koman Catholic church. exploited classes, whom it- and Not since Lenin will lead in the struggle Trotsky's writings on Tsarist against capitalism. Russia had a single society The of position' 'war. been comice Gramsci demands is essen- Marxist intensively by tially one against the world Gramsci's theorist; but view' of • the bourgeoisie, like Lenin and embodied as it is through- Trotsky's, were made in the out the whole range of 'civil of drawing

HALCIOSI

conclu- crete revolutionar Every ruling class helps sions. to maintain itself by a ruling conception or the wora-a Uneven development of reality which version itself legitimates divided Italy was 'common sense with notably In the formation of such

HOMELY

unevenly developed view', the role a 'world capitalism and no history of the intellectuals nation-state; it had never particularly vital. known

JOCE

Gramsci rejected the capable of uniting intellec- of the bourgeois tuals and masses. intellectual Creditie The bourgeoisie, partly and women apart: all men blocked by the church, had are intellectuals (there is no failed to carry through the such thing as 'pure' manual nationalist revolution; but labour), but not all have an Marxism's its was function intellectual opportunity. Gramsci's achievement Revolutionary intellec- was to apply the methots of tuals from come two Marx and Lenin the sources:

"TON

peculiarities ol me llanan tionary class itself ('organic' situation, and in doing so to intellectuals) and from extend and elaborate traditional' those intellec- Marxist theory. ideologues of existing tuals, attention In his to societv who can be won to problems of party and class the revolutionary cause. the relations between social classes, the revolutionary of and No distinction alliance worker peasant, and above all to the Within the revolutionary bourgeois he state, sustained where there can be palty, enriched the work of Lenin distinction between and Trotsky -work which intellectual and non-intellec- little avail- was, moreover, tual, these two groups fuse into a single bloc, and the able to him. Scenes during the fascist mobilisation of 1922 his preoccupation inseparably from Dally, stressed the Italian party's the fears. about course Russian which the • innel- was taking, struggle and affirmed its opposition to 'mechanical and coercive' discipline. the time of Stalin- By full-blooded ism's gence, Gramsci was a victim of fascism-a fascism which the Stalinism he had sup- ported helped flourish. The ironies of Antonio Gramsci's political Calle are manifold; but not least, perhaps, is the irony of his treatment posthumous the hands of Stalinism itself.

Gramsci's brother to whom he had entrusted his views on the Third Period' for public remained silent to save him from the risk of expulsion.

Page 7 A new occasional series Gramsci supported Stalin-Bukharin against the Joint Opposition After the publication of the prison notebooks 1947-49, Gramsci's memory venerated by was solemnly writings the rei wane ns ignored, virtually W Vilt manipulated in support of trainist parities critical serious edition ediduced by the POl for a work was of a century after quarter end of the second imperialist world war. remains for Today, outside the Stalinist those camp to make a full critical evaluation of his limitations ane acmevellets Next article: Karl Korsch

FIGHTING FOR A

What kind of government do workers need?

Page 8

WORKERS

The Workers' Government demand step in the struggle for transitional and At each Trotskyists demands, must democratic consider the best tactical means of conducting the fight in discredit such way expose and as treacherous mass leaders of the working class.

Such tacties will generally include fighting for workers to place specific demands on those trade union and political leaders that retain mass support for them to break from their present policies of class collaboration and act in the independent class interests of their members.

As the Transitional Programme shows, the culmination of this approach is the formulation uf demands on the reformists and Stalinist leaders that they break with the bourgeoisie and form a workers government.

The slogan can, as the Transitional Programme shows, agitational slogan in be used flexibly situations. As such its value is that it focusses the attention of the masses on the class collaboration of their leaders and the necessity for a government that will represent their independent interests. In every instance it is vital to couple the workers' government with the necessary programme of transitional demánds and with the struggle to mobilise the working class in independent organisations through which it will fight for such demands.

Such an approach is in explicit contrast to the various parliamentary formations passed off by reformist, centrist Barricades in the 1905 revolution and the There is no way in which the 8. machinery monor env стата power of workers' councils.

private property of the capitalist class be transformed into the revolution basIs tor the weapon in workers struggle for bodies, initially socialism. oh limit The Charade or paramen. Struceles democracy must be tary the mass of the exposed, and direct chaltenge working ciass moolised to des troy and dismantle the state and particular coveralls.

SOVIETS

Hassles. ot. armed men, TEne armin ndet police. their workers' place state a balalus must be esal After the lished to protect the gains through the that emerged dictatorship of the proletariat.

Torm woute this. oic and tatorship take? First and foremost it would detecate. be a dictatorship exercised sations. Tte Masses over ine minority former capitalist ot exploiters and their agents.

organisations it would have an entirely different class character from dictatorships exercised by fascist right wing capitalist or regimes. A central feature would be the dissolution of the House : of from subject commons. une mouse or cores two documents: Programme in December 1979 by Liaison Committee. Socialist League Manifesto.

LGOVERNMENT

and Stalinist currents as "workers" or "workers peasants" governments. weigh and used of the working consciousness spontaneity to the comprehension of the necessity of the the existing seizure of power, revolutionary struggle for this demand must in the final instance-as in Russia in October 1917-be the definitive break with and machinery of the bourgeoisie, and the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

gaining in strength class, particular measures in the interests of the proletariat.

As the Transitional Programme stresses, it was: "the obstinate the July opinion and mass Bolsheviks." central task the consists freeing the membership at any time they of the deviated trom their mandate.

TavOUr Ano thev wou receive no The mass struggles prior to financial privileges-being paid the more than will provide average working wage tormation oT such councils of Local ever workers councIs workers' in each town would elect dele- regional and national ot the gates which posing level would become the voice of the mass of the population, the highest level of workers' democracy. would workers Councis oversee the expropriation, banks and major industry, facilities, trans•ort wate saTe guarding the livelihoods of small revolution, these petty shopkeepers, farmers, the •usinesses ane smat savers.

Ine «hussian capitalist dictators wate would: develop seek above all to atomise, and would repress and to crush the working ali work. TrON political opposi- class are any places and working class organi- tion, the proletarian •ictator. ship fought for revolution- As such they would be class the active on was pose

TACT

Would masses, moonisaten •Ine exclude the old exploiters, but the feelings direct involvement and in the decision making, workers in ine tactories, mines, workers' state yeards, shops, banks and trans- defence of the from enemies within and outside its own borders. woule be elected thoroughly committees and This demands a recall internationalist foreign policy- Last week's Socialist Press carried an article by John Lister on the struggle for a workers' government.

The week entse tine first is Com The Transitional Transitional Today's Class Struggle, adopted on 31 the Trotskyist The second is from the Workers and capitalism Indeed while the call for a workers' government can be agitational slogan to advance the political "The level of class from the International of the the culmination «Under destruction of the political forms, institutions and state important The workers' government slogan thus contains within character it the dynamic of the class struggle in which the working demands and self confidence, increasingly more of its bureaucratic mass leaders to the against capitalist point where they insist that these leaders break from the bourgeoisie, take power in their own hands, and implement unwillingness of the Mensheviks and SRs to take power, so dramatically exposed during Days, which definitely doomed them before it is of the revolutionary prepared the victory revolutionary Now, just cemuch task 193 the touret Internatio: Fourth International must depend. its old Ploitlalial e' lation drawal British troops from of melane ane ever oner country alism would be the breaking отт от alpiomati links with right wing dictator- closing down ships and the offer of material exchange, the anti struggles capitalist in Africa, anothe Asia and Latin America banks and protection workers government would pull out of NATO: other imperialist pacts, and the capit- alist Common Market, calling on aspects would also need to be The workers movement torouen out Europe force similar tled The action on their governments and courts, through class • fight a Socialist Unitec capitalist States of Europe. private property working class scrapped, and

MILITIAS

of bury workers' courts. The civil vast majority would the oversee decisions aisbanding or the standing army British the police, and 'their and the of wide- institution entite v the same. nowever piace Within the

SOTECO

Tartine many youth armore to arbie formation armed workers answerable workers' councils at local and nationat level. workers would need Control over currely socku SOCIALIST PRESS, Wednesday 23 January 1980 Lenin in 1917 leadership whöse conservatism is in complete contra- diction to the catastrophic eruptions of disintegrating chief obstacle represents and the historical progress. Fourth which the chief accusation traditional against the advances organisations of the proletariat is the fact that they do not wish to tear themselves away from the political semi-corpse of the bourgeoisie.

the demand, these conditions systematically addressed to the old leadership: Break with the bourgeoisie, take the power is an extremely • treacherous for exposing weapon organisations of the of the parties and Second, Third and Amsterdam Internationals."

While promising such leaders revolutionary support undertake the should they reaction struggle for power, Trotskyists must maintain their political independence of such leaderships and persist with their own critical propaganda spelling out at each stage the role of the old leaders and the necessary programme of demands to be fought for by the working class.

of such a Trotskyist on the construction ability of the leadership, and not on any themselves into a reformists and Stalinists to transtorm that the of the struggle for a force tate workers' government and the dictatorship of the proletariat One of the first soviets, the Ivanovo-Voznesensk Soviet of Workers" Deputies civil service trading with the international ala or unions-to make this knowledge links and over the possible re- pockets of capit- available to the workers move the ment service find to dents conte and the civil asserted by

STOCK

framework imposition of a

SUC

state monopoly of foreign trade the task of fully openine l books of capitalist society as a the exoroofiation whole and mapping out a fiv major for the socialist small deposit year olar expansion production provision of social needs could Within Britain itself, other of the state apparatus begin. disman- which the their protect • Goatsu would replaced before trials •service bureau. cracy, which in reality takes thi day-to-day on the administration capitalism, not civil service are with administrators necessary for the reorganisation of industry and the economy.

Trotsky Governmen take steps.

The way forward in the Fourth International 'Meteor'-not as preposterous as SOCIALIST PRESS, Wednesday 23 January 1980 "15) The Fourth Interna The following text is the conclusion of a document by the Committee for an International Bolshevik tional been destroyed. It oh puntial which, following the International Pre-conference hosted by Leninist Faction

(CIBLF)

political Socialist League in December, has now dissolved itself into the Trotskyist International Liaison Com-

BLOWA

degeneration which has led to it mittee. being organisationally scattered.

Earlier sections of the CIBLE document examine the history and political degeneration of the post- Today it lves the torm of war Fourth International and the nature of its component parts today.

different factions. some limited exceptions tantamount -be considered The task facing orthodox of the labour movement: Trotskyists is therefore to build They comprise most faction of Bolshevik-Leninist conscious element of the world the rourtn lines of Tine politics are generally centrist in Resolutions of the Theses with special nature, 1940 Confer- reality these 150. ditu Icaluics ences. positions still do But while rejecting the sec- break from the pro- that considers basis of Bolshevism. •Te salti position every Trotskyist-revisionist Still they organisation as lost for Bolshev- direct reflection of social forces (the Isin, boisnevik-Leninists must at alien proletariat the same time reject as delusory labour anstocracy, une parasilic any hypothesis of a spontaneous Stalinist bureaucracy, the petty evolution of the revisionist lac- bourgeois intelligentsia, etc. tions towards orthodox This makes them unlike Stalin Trotskyism. Social Democratic and is necessary partly also engage 101 walties. regeneration and Bolshevik reorganisation of the FI, similar bI 1his, together with the con- Trotsky speaking at the Fourth Congress of the Comintern Opposition tinuing of internal Left 1929-33. Bol- and Comintern from clashes, lactional struggles must consider splits wach show Ine viablity of a debate within the Fourth as lost, incapabic or regencid centralist methods," both International and the search by tion and completely outside the cratic nationally and is shall ly Fourth International those right 1TS should, Such factions fashion-for a correct wing forces wiich have actu itely entered the counter-revol general, engaging orientation) Instead they should make makes it possible and necessary unlay all the centrist leaderships respon to adopt a perspective of regen- within the orgamsatons of the Fourth Internation- erating the necessary

HOT

Bol- measures-such as expulsions- the formation of that may comparable occur. COns. Mike conceptions which, both to attitude should be taken within each oiner ‹indepen reality of the dently of the of the Trotskyist-revisionist from the organisations. Trotskyist movement degeneration of most factions of The international Bolshevik- the Fourth International, draw allu and the conclusion that all revision- endent orthodox

TOTAKAS

organisations are itreparably organisations within the frame the independent orthodox work of an international Bolshe- Trotskyist must organisations

TOLSKVINE.

the wilcu and equate them with opportunist the foreign must itself be based on demo- present the public activity of organisations it sounds This film good dislodged from the asteroid belt how example of the between the orbits of Mars and behind ideology many

JUADLET

Hollywood productions with a new comet. candidates. This heading meteor reflects the dominant ideol- Once unthinkable, high level for The film tarth. ogy of American capitalism.

012 DOT 110

between

SCUSSE

and America in. overseeing each tions (SALT 1) have It depicts stratetic arms limita- co-operation, other's military/space activities -until the albeit first unwillingly, between Russian and American Aignanstian events-ocen in tae The plot is not as preposter- against and dove-like views on this space Geologists have become popular have vus as it soulius. common extema threat -a nure decucer ThaT meteor, been 1119t indeed been bombarded enormous meteorites in its pas some of tits lay nave joll craters several hundred kilo- The Battle metres across. These hard discern alc exceo on because subsequent geological and human activity has tended Of course most meteors for heading towards earth are So

DID MONT

atmosphere without even reach- ing the Earth's surface. outers are reacer a serg little that of and do Trotskyism damage. Large objects But several hundred large few objects (up metres Jand surface every year. spires Second edition of the opposition documents that both the Russians and I the space presented inside the WRP by the present leader- Aneroans are platforms, orbiting the Earth ship of the Workers Socialist League that are armed with banks of With a new introduction These missiles are aimed at Price £2,50 plus 20p postage and package from targets in Russia and America Workers Socialist League, 31 Dartmouth Park Hill the scientists, the one London NW5 1HR NiCh played sConnisty wanted the maste banks macca mn space to the Workers the Bolshevik Leninists towards both the whole Fourth Inter- national and towards the forces or me avour movement vulsiue the arena of Trotskyism. The tactical indica- above that there is tions do not imply sure. estaoasted for regenerating and reorganis ing the Fourth Bolshevik manner •-nor that it 1s Fans of go present Fl present successfully regenerated But only a flexible, dialec- airst to the aria, guard against Earth, such as the meteor. Apparently, this idea was actually discussed in the prestigious at the Massachusetts Institute named ICARUS. But it is net under project clear what happened after that.

the tical strategy for its regenera- tion, com o1110g snacoencen work in the labour movement factional intervention with will allow us to accomplish the process complex partial splits

LUSIOTIS

regeneration and the growth of enable independent Faction to recruit the political majority militants, transformed into occolnill: regenerated Clearly there exist different possibilities practical develooing

SUCI

Bolshevik-Leninists. For this reason they must- the sole condition under Tine voluca de- pendence of the orthodox Trot- faction-be skyist ready a0 TAer aches to concrete developments in the situation of the Fourth International.

aim of the 10) I ne Committee for an International Faction Bolshevik Leninist ill conse and The same, domes and the same, demo. crane centrans faction. At present the most important consistent Irotskyist organisatior namely the

NSL/GI

with allied together American. Turkish and Danish organisations, IS CaIrY out activity construction of an internationa tendency orthodox Trotskyist basis The CIBLF wishes all ortho dox all ove TOLSK VIS lorces. the world, to participate in such proces of building an inter- national faction. It believes that SuCI there are all the con- process ditions for the necessary By our science correspondent US military missile: who knows which way they're pointed concerned with the efforts of Most film the two scientists both nations to overcome the objec- „ons or some nawk-uke mular commanders, and set up collab between Russia and oration both banks of Herca to Lull missiles against the meteor so it can be destroyed or deflected Page 9. Extract from "Theses on Fourth Crisis of the International and the Tasks of Bolshevik Leninists" between the various smelly consistent

I TOTSK VISI

Organis ation This task of homogenisation and pontica canicallul imposed both by the need balance sheet of thirty vears of the crisis of the rourth International, and by the quite different origins of the present orthodox

FOLSKVISI

tions All of them, however, , share ex neriences of a clearcut break from different forms of oppor (Pabloisn tunist revisionism most have come 1N10 conflict with and rejected the Trotsky sectarian caricatur 1cm represented by me ol The CIBLE declares that at it is able to the very moment participate with full rights in the preparatory activity being by the WL and its Carticl allies

TOT

Mile national faction of consistent Trotskyists, its own transitional role will become exnausica an thus the

CIBLF

as such will With amendments Reconstruct the fourth Internationel Nor. 1979

INTERNATIONAL

DISCUSSION

BULLETIN

60p postag Dartmouth Parl from: Hill, London NWS IHR. The hire comb of either miser.

• their combined lire power DanK 110 enough. Technically, the film is not very The special HE DHCSSIVe. effects are, the poorest of the latest of science fiction crop tims to come from Hollywood However, arrival the earl! fragments of the meteo producers allows the an avarance secuence. a mud wave sequence and the partial devastation derm ap audiences for the final Manhattan, The aerial view of devastated Manhattan, however, is so poor that it looks more like a burnin Winston cigarette advertisement The producers couldn't resist contain calvaust toucer for instance fewer Russian than missiles reach their targe one inferior American allegedly Russian tech the flm fosters the illusion That celes form come cort oȚ elite cadre insulated from political developments, and immune to the base motive of They are shown aggression. in political beavering away vacuum for the good of human kind. , The film's redeeming feature is that it raises the question of just how much control we would have over missile banks in space, or u we would even knov of their existence It totally fails to develop this theme nowever, opts. for pyrotechnics and truly awful "happy" ending

Page 10. -H

INDUSTRIAL NEWS

Craftsmen fight sell-out contract They have received back- ing in this from Robb, the The 300 boilermakers regional oificial and other craftsmen Boilermakers' Union, who the employed in con- has warned that he will hold ballot of the workforce struction of an oil rig at and, if he does not get co- Hunterston, Ayrshire, operation, will bring in scab went on strike as from labour. Wednesday last (16 Courtney, the • AODy January) against the boilermakers' shop steward, exclusive terms of the agreement in interview dil with Socialist Press said: under which they have "This strike is important been working.

NAOW

The contract (the terms workers will not be intimi- dated. oi wincil were reported I d of Socialist "The employers on the recent issue Press) is in the words of one site thought they could take "one of of the workforce, high doyallare the worst agreements ever unemployment in this area the Boilermakers terrible working foist Union. conditions upon us, and in striking unis tney nad tne compicle demanded the of the trade have co-operation Executive member union leadership. ol ine "This is fight against Murray, who Bollermakers. concluded the deal the union officials and their

IN USU

to Scotland come up and contempt for the member- the terms shipit is a fight for union Immeulately . now.savs.he wil democracv and the right of decide. their be unable lo. come workers The until 21 February. The men working prepared dispute have workers are no longer accept a situation where the appealed to the GWU men trade union leadership treat on the site to join them in struggle. their members with such "To in The management of the this battle the shop stew- companies involved, ards realise that they Chicago Bridge and Ayrshire have to go beyond this and Marine, have now threaten- look for the support ed the striking men with the move- ment." loss of their jobs.

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Six months (25 issues). One year (50 issues) . Over 100 pickets-drawn locally from Fords Langley, Direct Works Depart- ine ment at Hammersmith and from Reading Trades

CHIS

MANUFACTURINC

ASSISTANTS

SUBSIOISED CMITEL

HREE OFERALLS

NO NIGHT SHIFT

renant • 77 Chix picket line Acrow victory A 22-week strike for Adamsons is part of the Acrow group, and the move the reinstatement of a against Taylor was clearly plant convenor at lunked to a concerted often.

Adamson's Containers, Sive against trade union Stockport, has resulted organisation at the plant.

in a major victory. But a tenacious battle by the workforce-who rejec- John Taylor, a boiler- makers' steward sacked last almost COM OICEr climbdown offer by August- along. with three management only other stewards in a "redun- • a week before Christmas--has dancy" • manage- • Dy forced back the employers ment. has been uncondition- who one point threat- ally reinstated, and the at ened to close the factory.

officer Te alons This successful resistance who sacked him has himself to victimisation must. now been sacked. Strikers set the pace for the defence will have their national stamps oi trade union organisation surance in BL and throughout indus- holiday and entitlements try. paid up.

DON'T GO INTO

THE FIGHT BLINDFOLD!

For a £1.80 clear lead in the £3.60 struggle against £7.00 wage control, cuts £13.00 and redundancies Send your cheque/P.O. to .. £8.00 Socialist Press, 31 Dartmouth £15.00 Park Hill, London NWS 1HR . £9.00 . £17.00 Don't let Chix be another Grunwick Council-joined the Chix picket line in Slough last Wednesday. res- Ihey nad mobuised in what had been des ponse cribed as a "national picket" the •lactory, 1s weeks into the strike there for union recog- workers, Asian main t have been sacked for women, joining the GMWU Token effort but uMw regional officia Gerry McMullen the whole affair Speaking after both scab had entered the plant, he declared his belief that "bring mne two sees topenner" negotiate was the only way of resolving the dispute he ala not explain now ne "negotiate" around he base basic issues of reinstatement no to recogne Rounding off the speakers Jack "dead was Dromey and buried" Grunwick tame. He promptly launched into yet rendition his another DroLders

SISICIS

speech But on this occasion he was challenged and asked just wha he-as Secretary Region

TUC

and

TGWU

actually going to official -was co to suboone une cu suke Hecklers Hecklers attacked his role in the Garners and Grunwick sell-

JOIN US!

With workers by the thousand taking to the Tory streets to oppose policies there is plainly no lack of militancy in the organised working class. Yet the existing trade union Duanca a carous ador no herspe cive tor 'left'-have offer those perspective defence of jobs, living stan- dards, social services and demo These can only-be defended through policies which start TrOn of the working class, , whích, international class, nothing to gain and everyti to lose from attempts to restore the profitability of their "own" BOTH. CoN an a senoo waere tre contra dictions of the anarchic capital. ist system torce the and destruction of the . Closure productive forces of society, only a socialist planned 6COt on a world scale offers a way forward. To achieve such a perspec tive is needod leadership Please send me more details of the Workers Socialist League. Name. Address. Send to: WL 31 Dart- mouth Park Hill, London

NW5 1HR

SOCIALIST PRESS, Wednesday 23 January 1980 Dromey Outs but wate bromey moonised only himself on the "national" picket, there was also a signific- workers from the heavily Communist Slough Party-led can west london area The Chix strike is an impor- tant test of the willingness of tre union bureaueracy to 1е?

serious struggle against the be fully employers. must

SUDDOLICE

Mass pickets are to be held in Slough every Wednesday at 6.30am. More information from, and messages and donations to: M. Anwar, 271, Good- man Park, Slough.

YOU SHOULD

which, in today's struggles fights advance trade union militancy protast politics and illusions that capit- alisnt can be abolished through parliament. Socialist The Workers Trotskyist move. League meht fighting day in and day build such a principled out to leadership in the working class Internationally, we are aff.

The Trotskyist International Liaison Committee, which fights for the reconstructor The International and the building of revolutionary parties in every lead she strait Siali and against parasitic Stalinist bureau- deformed and cracles degeneratea workers states We invite all readers of Press seek Socialist more details of the WSL and its work and to join us in the struggle tor socialism

RED YOUTH

Monthly paper of the Socialist Youth League out next New issue week

INUSS

Articles on Week of Action; Anti- fascist activity in Leices- ter; Iran; Afghanistan; of new Clash Review album; steel strike. Available price 15p scluding pospare, outt

SYL

Dartmouth Park Hill, London NW5 1HR.

WHO PROFITS FROM

SOCIALIST PRESS, Wednesday 23 January 1980 2,000 South Notting- Te0 wce0 teacher after hamshire teachers are to be 40 called upon to take strike Oiw. one action defence of tomary two nursery nurses.

victimised colleague at a

LIC CEL

mass meeting in school time cuts. next Wednesday. Nursery Eileen

NUT

mem bers Crosby was suspended and Mellors Primary The ISTC's strike broad- sheet Steelworkers Banner, produced to: . give a "steel- workers' reply

BSC",

to reveals nearly much about _ the treachery and deception of the steel union leaders as it does about the obvious frauds perpetrated by management. ISTC leaders have year after ycal incre y acceptea bol ang figures indicating huge losses on steel production: and have • sone on пот ассері- figures Thece thousands redundancies, shop-floor speed-up ald of plant closures.

SUVORYO

Known all along Yet the inside page of Steel- workers Banner 'reveals that the union Jeaders along BSC's figures

:THAT

completely spurious This year's predicted £300 million "toes" is examined in gèneral terms in a "'steelworkers' alance sheet", .GOah creamed off his year in inter ese *£188 million payiicuts totuo banks the double book-keeping which *$135 million is to be spent by

BSC

this year the figures

USONS

dom estically-produced nationalised industry

CORIY

or from the exploitation of steel item expenditure C.-iin covered by workers by the banks and trusts government subsidies that benefit other

EEC

million interest payments.

*£81 million has been allo- cated to building up steel stocks Profit to rde out any industrial action taken against the closure Corbyin and Shotton steel works Steel Corporation actually func- profit

HULOL

Canakesi tlons at a for attracting new jobs to äreas million-the bulk where

BSC

plants have been Its way Tre shut down! private capitalists! *£10 million has been paid the anti-workins only a start. There is no investi- class alliance of European stee

*TOTI

producers, the ECSC profit margins bill in this ndustries? supposedly "overmanned" contractors and consumers.

industry will be £80 million this There is no year-while BSC who exactly protits irom for mass sackings! LoI-leatner miloresl payments Nor is there any accounting Double book-keeping for the profits and growing scale qi operation of the orivate steel.

These items alone add up to made by the and the staggering million of made expenditure which results from chunks of BSC for a return to O Shall

AT THE TOP...

UNION DUES

Teachers fight back probationary official strike w ner. derence refused the action could spread. un eores instead of the cus If education and jobs defended it is are to clearly esséntial that the author- stall Is part. of the local authority's spending ity is lorced BU rCisH mieer that the

NUT

-TOSOY

:angE Last week the other seven area declares itself willing Robert to take immediate strike actio School went on to defend to stop ue cuts and BSC's LOSSES? Corby steelworks: rail and coal jobs also at stake policy decisions, the private sector; while others consigned to the knackers yard. in Britair The

ISTC

leaders now declare that they wall enquirv into the bundering cor- from the £188 poration management which Post t04 manon im fotr year has But. supposed

WIEN

"worker directors" on the

BSC

Board, and obviously lar more other words the British va lvisve MOWCeSe tnan they have divulged about the Corpor- £200 ation's finances and operations, the question : of which finds 1s way pockets of nominally pledged to fight plan closures ilready launched a full workers' inquir; figures with elected workers commit- in tan the the tees to open up the books of steel

BSC.

suppliers, transport Fraud breakdown of Of course the reason is that the right wing

ISTC

leaders recognise that such a campaign would demonstrate unmistake- ably to workers the fraud of moves being repeated cove-mtc t manace- Tories to vivalc cams tnat kn is "viable". continuing huge any teacher victimised. *In Glasgow last week 20 angry teachers defied a no-strike vote, and staged a half day stop- page protesțing agains? the failure of them union, the EIS, capes Furthet action, pay claim. Further action, pressure for an official stoppage are now likely. workers' on Monday. Shouting 20%!" wall to Hall rapturous Bill Sirs. Rotherham profits extracted by the capital- Crowther ists from "loss-making" crowd that they and the need not only to 'for every trade unionist in country nov Hi CCCt every the BSC job, but to struggle also for the nationalisation without achieving what compensation DaNane firms, stockholders and had been after for years: solid suee contractors arity among the unions. and for entire 'Other industry to be placed under the management of elected workers' committees. it", he added, to loud applause.

Such fight requires only Tory that the acted ImESei government, but the removal of the class Labour weight" long leadership-for whom Bill Sirs is General Election. the main right wing UlC Sesne e cheet ides. District Secretary It steelworkers, therefore, to take steps to begin up with industrialsts coming u!

such a struggle in conflict with the ISTC bureaucracy. mad e Employment Bill what we did Robinson: to the Industrial Relations Act", new delay Ee solve nothing It looks like the inquiry by the AUEW Exec- utive into Derek Robinson's sacking has been put off yet ence of the As we go to press the Nortt West Executive member has mittee for the Defence of been quoted as saying the result Trade Unions promises to could be out l rcotiany month Terry larger Iar ler Th10 Duffy announced result attended than would be out on January 22. previous occasions. With the number of branches condemning the Executive's handling the Tie irane wasc

IV V

feeling the numbering over 350 and with the Duffy's election coming up this and militants year it is clear Executive

. LOT

have a problem struggle against the capitulations official trade

AUEW

mnem der bureaucracy increasing this Snole getting their branch pressure by is in no demand recall National lead The Committee to call all-out strike of Robinson action in defence dedicated as it is to the parlia Every AUEW branch should mentary road to socialism -has be demanding a ballot of the WSOCCUVe. union the TUC leaders' line of seeking remove entire Executive over its handling of simply pressurise Ene bane

-PICKETING!!

Page 11

SIRS SEES

THE LIGHT

A hurriedly called steel he yelled above deafening dèmonstration applause. through Sheffield attracted e stanang ovaton was giver ea meset of ories fond 3,000 strikers in thick snow German steelworkers dockers What miners' leades do …o*'ete Arthur Scargill slammed "thatchet both the Tory government an ,the march made its way the last Labour government.

where every have been accused of interfering militant statement was greeted this strike ", he Hand said, applause hecklers interrupted ISTC leader defeat foI the

SLCCI

workers, , he added would be Cheering crowd political and industrial for the whole working class.

gesture h And as a clo sing MP Stan handed veteran nght winger Bul told the

HUWONS

htto-td were fighting the light" . in the struggle the ahead! Bernard Sirs himself, making the mis.

• CHOE

that BSirU take of speaking after Scarxil Thatcher should be thanked for insisted that th ISTC leaders trade unionists were looking for "a moderat‹ unions should realise Political gulf its about them, too, and get into AUEW speaker predicted To shouts of "20%! 20%!" he replied that to put a figure government would fall "under its own dead wond hands of your before the negotiators", and angered • next othes strikers by stressing pull out private Aus Hen sectoe mest aiso be desperate- Stalinist George Caborn said he was fed looking for to him saying that Thatcher is this dispute which daily widens the pole 1 lea dereen political between the with the • :11: t rapidiy awakening shop floor members! LCDTU will The January 26 Confer- cessions to the working class Liaison Com- Just as it did under Heath- when helped corali TeeTe struggle against the Industrial Relations Act • into a geries _o and better protest actions-the

LURVI

on LCDTU will offer no more than • diversionary platform . 20. succession of The conference will cash in nano-picked • Stalinisi Broad Left cele- • gn0 tide of anti-Tory brities to thump out empty and move. search by the 1020

LCDTU

Socialist Workers Party, nobod known to oppose the Stalinists • UO1 political line will get as far But the Stalinist-run LCDTU the stage-managed speakers' list. position to offer such U DADUSC utic balikate Party- cy of the politics of the CP an develop struggle for the of a policy , of challenging bring down the Tories, Socialist Press supporters will attend and attempt intervene con- making conference.

TO YOU, LEN?!!

! JUST PROPOSED ANOTHER

TOAST TO MODERATION AND

COMPROMISE,

HE TURNED ON ME!!

Did most for the Workers Socialist Lessie. 31 Dartmouth Park Hill, London NW5 1HR. Printed by Anvil Printers Ltd., London

PRESS

delaying Deliberate tactics by the right wing on the Leyland Cars National Joint Negotiating Commit- workers' tee have put BL wage claim in real danger.

The claim, for 224 per week plus a full cost of living clause, has been outstanding since last year's contract expired on November. management, package very • that offered by BSC to steelworkers, proposed only a miserable 5% increase, No concessions But in return they demanded a new agreement abolishing the 80% off pay éxisting BL; abolishing disputes within the orin citie • muludi ment on manning standards; and abolishing job entrement Since October 31 there have been 13 meetings at. LCJNC ballot the members and recom- mend rejection of the level. No: concessions have been by a made by agreed that this those 2½ months. In fact their trade union-organised ballot.

"strings" Desole LIC expanded 92 have been declared in advance mal lucy would pages. not with The last " meeting management took place on 17 immediately put down a series January. was management arrogant who broke off negotiations.

providing facilities for the ballot to take place. Preconditions „nance was conducted by the Electoral saving that made statement negotiations Reform Society postal ballot. wanted Terminate an dat calcy package "implemented" at allowed once. to statement The trade union negotiating committee met and deciaco to walt

FUND

As further pledges and money begin to arrive in the office for the £3,000 Special Fund launched last week, we should soon be in a position to see how the fund is beginning to go. Clearly while we need pledges and targets for fund raising events to need these pledges.to be sent in, we also redeemed as soon as possible.

Meanwhile, the January overlooked. At the moment it is trailing rather badly, with only £461.55 in to date. That leaves us with nearly f300 to raise in the next week.

All donations for either fund should be sent to: Socialist Press Fund 31, Dartmouth Park Hill, London NW5 1HR

SOCIALIST

RIGHT WING

SABOTAGES

BL PAY FIGHT

S 60

NEITAT

BL workers-saddled with the world's worst negotiators?

statement package. And they even insisted Electoral Reform Society was. the veto the power to would be a Have • the question goes they ballot paper. that. tact with this management Faced the accept the outcome stance. • The LCJNC at once put forward a management the Electora! that proposa run the ballot Reform Society preconditions for This was carried by small majority and became policy.

said that BL would Damaging decision ballot-providing The Negotiating Committee and was then decided that the question to he asked on the ballot pape They demanded that they be would be "Do you support your Negotiating into the envelope if of the Company's enclosed offer?" But even with this succession capitulations of wretched

HOSL

damaging decision taken was to voting February 4. This move is •deliberately designed to delay a decision

LCJNC

The Wine. shop floor hostility. recognising are deliberate- the pay offer ly trying to avoid striking at the same time as the steelworkers The time to have taken the immediately after

VOLC

Was management broke off negotia- be tions, when feeling was running Mass meetings highest. have been held immediately Fund should not be _every BL plant and a vote taken for action alongside the steel WOrKOIs. Choice Even if the ballot had been trade undertaken, could ballot have organisea As attempts to together a concerted imper- ¡alist response to the Soviet of invasion crumble the media have averted our the side-issue of the Moscow Olympic games. While a string governments have spoken with voice in the invasion, omic and miitar answer it nas various interests of the capitalist class ir for instance, taken place this week. Manage proudly boasted been faced of the US grain embargo on the ment wotie nave Soviet Union a ballot, mass meetings of cutting back . win beneatonce. Mass meetings market conditions. Since these Now the delays, diversions influenced of US decision on action will be forth- until the middle or end coming world market, of February-by which time the •steelworkers DeCI

COOK. TO

out for nearly eight weeks.

to the USSR. steelworkers are sold It the out or defeated in that time. Bi face extremely torship has made clear its difficult conditions in defending their living standards and hard- won agreements. the Soviet strike alongside the But steelworkers wond be a madr trade blow against the employers and the American boycott. the Tory government. *Reiect the offer! Hold mass prolonged meetings in every plant! *Strike alongside the steel- • workers! Bomb tragedy Isolation The tragic death of an and

IRA

volunteer two clandestine in innocent civilians an the accidental bomb •explo- anti-imperialist forces from sion on a Belfast train last the bank. week highlights ruptcy of the IRA strategy

SOTT

Nobody can doubt the per- there sonal courage of those that take sim ple 'military explosives in the republican up alls all action against military struggle agaust brilsa Iponal ism the counties of army patrols,

SIX

Ireland DEISUll And it is of course correct point out Irish war are all the outcome of demoralisation the continuing British military occupation. ings against

BLOODY SUNDAY

COMMEMORATION

DEMONSTRATION

Saturday 27 January 2pm Sparkhill Park, Stratford Rd.

Birmingham Organised by Provisional Sinn Fein Brezhnev hugs Olympic bear USSR sanctions fiasco the British Tory government.

cobble The French government ha the Carter/ denouncer antonel Olympics! Afghanistan, Meanwhile the attempts b) ignominiously, carefully buy new friends in the Middie East and Asia in the wake of the towards Afghan mixed response Zia has Pakistan's dictator of capitalist doscribad a S400m aid offer a for more: denouncing India's Gandhi Saudi Arabia to wants nothing than become identified as a frontline conflicting vested opera base for Us imperialis tions; and even right wing Turkish government reluc The Argentinian dictatorship lose its grain trade with tant to which had been The lan as a supporter Even the scare stories of a Russian invasion hastened 10 flat, Yugoslavia are talling. explain that it has no intention investigation shows no Russiar its trade within striking distance troops grain-and indeed stressed that of the Yugoslay border, and th future trade would rest now and his : regime apparently far conditions will dead. from the But Corters dection chances plainly him so man tainine the destined for the USSA onto the the nev it seems likely War, come what i in the that the Argentinian junta might duty of socialists in the imper , sell additional quantities ialist countries to oppose such chauvinism and anti-commun unconditiona We fight ir Cortainly the Brazilian dicta defence of the historic gains of the USSR, while simultaneousiy to restrict exports of soya beans fighting tor une Union, and throw of the Stalinist bureau expresseo ine nope that Is owl Crac defend the would increase following we inno reactionary foreign policy of the rather fight for Stalinists And in the Common Marke1 ruling debate Ministers Tailed to produce any amones The • •l class, and for Trotskyist parties lead line of action against internationally struggle against imperialism.

the roadisore the dales di carry the danger of increased civilian casualties, But the resort to individual wine som nothing to advance the anti- military actions Imperialist consciousness of the isolation of the the irisn working clas. The republican movement's Marxism leads it rejection must be mobilised in the fight to drive out the British oppres 81S0 reec natosal. programmé of demands starting the daily problems of the can not be working class in the six counties victory" for and leading -through mobilisa fighters, selective -tiọn of mass struggles-to the fight for national liberation and

UDR,

RUC and socialist revolution. oiticers-can be recog While nisca as a signinicant pall ol d Britist there against state repression; we continue to fight for a fore, and But the campaigns of bomb- what loosely Trotskyist party in Ireland.

described as "economic targets"

WORKERS SOCIALIST

LEAGUE

Public Meeting

MOTHERWELL

Victory to the Steel Workers! Bring down the Tories! Wednesday 6 February 8.00 p.m. YMCA, Brandon Street Motherwell